Strengthening measures for safety management of bridge cranes and the causes of failures that cause fan vibration

[XNUMX] Measures to strengthen the management of bridge cranes

1. Personnel management

During the operation of the quincunx-shaped elastic coupling, in order to avoid injury to the staff, it is necessary to strengthen the management of the staff.After the operators have passed the training of the technical supervision department, they must be assessed in two aspects, including theoretical knowledge and practical operation. After passing the assessment, they will be certified.Before officially taking a job, you must learn and master the crane's use structure, working principle, technical performance, operation, maintenance system and other related knowledge, and also understand the relevant laws and standards.Technical inspection personnel are required to carry out work in accordance with the maintenance standards proposed by the workshop, and take protective measures to avoid accidents during the maintenance process.

2. Equipment management

The so-called crane equipment management is "dead-fixed" management.Including fixed person, fixed machine, fixed post item.Regarding the "dead" management of cranes, it is necessary to clarify the system standards and system forms. Among them, the fixed personnel and the fixed machine are the basic content, and each staff member is required to have a post and responsibility, and each crane has a special person responsible for management.The fixed position is the responsibility. It is necessary to carry out regular inspections, repairs and maintenance of crane equipment, carry out the old small inspection, monthly inspection, and annual inspection, and install sensors in key parts, such as the grounding system of the driver's cab, and low-profile device temperature. And so on, so as to form a form of dynamic monitoring, you can find out the abnormalities in the past, so that the problem can be found in time, the problem can be solved in time, and the crane equipment is running.

3. Driver education

Based on the actual application of cranes, the technical department regularly organizes the crane drivers of the plant to carry out training and technical training, which can be held every six months or a year, so that the drivers can master the theoretical ideas and operating techniques, and master the structure and working principle of the bridge crane. When you encounter any situation, you have to leave the cab directly, and the driver is in production.At the same time, we must also learn some simple maintenance techniques, maintenance techniques, etc., and draw lessons from previous work experience, and produce.

The equipment is lubricated once every season at the beginning of use, and can be changed every six months to once a year according to the cleanliness of the oil. Depending on the season of use and the environment, the choice of oil is also different.Some industrial gear oils can be used in summer or high temperature environment, and some refrigerating machine oils can be used in winter when the temperature is lower than -20℃.The coupling is added once a month, and the working temperature is -20~50℃. In winter, use No. 1-2 lithium grease and No. 3 lithium grease in summer, but the two cannot be mixed; the working temperature is higher than 50℃. , Use lithium-based grease, No. 1 in winter, No. 3 in summer; working temperature below -20 ℃, use No. 1 or No. 2 special grease.

[二], the cause of the fault causing the fan vibration

Analyzing the phenomenon and causes of fan failures, there are rules to follow. Generally speaking, there are the following types:

(1) Design reason: The design of the fan is generally designed according to the use environment, temperature, air volume, wind pressure, medium, etc. of the fan, and some companies do not select the model according to these factors, resulting in the following factors: Improper design, poor dynamic characteristics, vibration during operation of the drum gear coupling; unreasonable structure, stress concentration; design working speed close to or falling into the critical speed zone; inaccurate calculation of thermal expansion, resulting in poor thermal alignment, etc. .

(2) Manufacturing reasons: The quality requirements of the fan manufacturer also affect the operation of the fan, such as: poor parts processing and manufacturing, insufficient precision; poor parts material, insufficient strength, manufacturing defects; rotor dynamic balance does not meet technical requirements, etc.

(3) Reasons for installation and maintenance: The installation accuracy requirements of the fan play a vital role in the operation of the fan. If the installation accuracy does not meet the installation requirements, it will have a destructive effect on the operation of the fan.During the installation of the fan, there are the following influencing factors, such as: improper mechanical installation, misalignment of parts, large preload; poor shaft alignment; improper adjustment of machine geometric parameters (such as fit clearance, interference, and relative position); The improper placement of the rotor for a long time has changed the accuracy of dynamic balance; the failure to check and repair in accordance with the regulations has destroyed the original matching properties and accuracy of the machine.

风机的安装标准是：抽风机纵向、横向中心线偏差为12mm。抽风机标高偏差为±2mm。抽风机水平度公差为0.2/1000。底座标高偏差为±2mm。底座纵向、横向中心线偏差为士2mm。两底座的中心距离偏差为±2mm。两底座上表面应在同一水平面上，其高低差不得大于0.5mm。底座横向水平度公差为0.2/1000;纵向水平度公差为0.1/1000。

(4) Reasons for operation and operation: During the use of the fan, the maintenance and maintenance of the fan plays a decisive role in the operation quality of the fan.Such as: process parameters (such as medium temperature, pressure, flow, load, etc.) deviate from the design value, the machine operating conditions are abnormal; the machine runs at excessive speed or overload, which changes the working characteristics of the machine; poor lubrication or cooling; Partial damage or fouling of the rotor; improper operation during start-up and shutdown or speed-up/down, uneven thermal expansion, or staying in the critical zone for too long, etc.

(5) Reasons for machine deterioration: general equipment has a limited life when in use, and the performance of the equipment will deteriorate when it reaches the end of life.The same is true for fans, such as: long-term operation, the rotor deflection increases or the dynamic balance deteriorates; the rotor is partially damaged, peeled off or cracked; parts are worn, pitted or corroded, etc.; the mating surface is stressed and the interference is insufficient Or loosening, etc., destroying the matching properties and accuracy; the machine foundation is not uniformly settled, and the machine shell is deformed.