The principle of cable reel type and safety management of hoisting machinery

　　<XNUMX>, the type of cable reel and its working principle

　　There are relatively many types of cable reels, and the more common ones are counterweight, hysteresis, frequency conversion, torque and so on.The quincunx elastic coupling can generally divide the cable reel into the following two types: one is a spring-driven cable reel, which is often used to control the unwinding and winding of the cable. This type of cable reel There are many applications in hoisting machinery and equipment; the other is a motor-driven cable reel, and its basic working principle is as follows: Torque motor has the characteristics of variable torque output, and it will output small torque at high speed. In the case of low speed, it will output large torque. This mechanical characteristic can meet the requirements of cable reels.When the equipment is approaching the cable anchorage on the ground, the torque motor is in a normal working state, and the reel is driven to rotate after the torque is amplified by the reducer, and the cable is wound during the reel rotation.The rotation speed of the torque motor will decrease with the continuous increase of the cable winding diameter, and output a larger torque suitable for this, so that the running speed of the trolley and the collecting speed tend to be consistent, and the constant pulling tension is always maintained. .When the equipment is away from the ground cable in the reverse direction, the torque motor maintains the same direction of electromotive force. At the same time, the pulling of the cable by the cart will produce reverse torque, and the reverse torque is greater than the forward torque. When the cart is running, the cables are released synchronously.

　　The motor-driven cable reel has the mutual characteristics of the torque motor and the cart control system. During the operation, only the main power switch is required to draw out the power, which improves the convenience and convenience of the operation.After the cart is connected to the power supply, the torque motor is energized and the reel work is carried out normally. No matter what operating conditions the cart is in, such as forward rotation, reverse rotation, parking, etc., the torque motor will remain in the phase sequence. Change the energized state; after the cart is energized, the torque motor will also be de-energized, and the reel is in the braking state at this time.Motor-driven cable drums are mainly suitable for bridge cranes, gantry cranes, portal cranes, dam crest cranes, plugging reclaimers, metallurgical machinery, hydraulic machinery, ship loaders, mining machinery and other large equipment.However, due to the influence of various factors, the cable reel often has various faults, which affect the normal operation of the equipment to a certain extent.For this reason, measures are taken to resolve the cause of the failure of the cable reel.

　　After the research on the lifting mechanism, the reasons for the broken shaft of the reducer high-speed shaft are as follows: First, when the shaft is rotating at high speed, the gears, couplings, and brake wheels on it have relatively large masses. The moment of inertia is also very large, which may be caused by the large inertial force generated by the object on the shaft, which causes the shaft to break; second, the motor shaft and the reducer shaft, or the coupling connecting the two parts are caused by misalignment. When the mechanism is installed, due to factors such as the installation process and the technical level of the workers, the misalignment of the motor shaft and the reducer shaft may exceed the allowable value, which is equivalent to a large force near the high-speed shaft of the reducer. Large vibrations are caused during the process, which may cause the high-speed shaft to break; third, the coupling, gears, brake wheels, etc. are eccentric due to the manufacturing process, so that when the shaft rotates at a high speed, a large The centrifugal force of the shaft increases to a large extent, and the shaft will also break; four, different types of couplings (rigid couplings, flexible couplings and flexible couplings) have different stiffness due to different types of couplings (rigid couplings, flexible couplings and flexible couplings). When the shaft speed reaches a higher value, the shaft system will lose stability and the shaft will be broken. Fifth, the shaft will be broken due to the type of bearing, the length of the bearing and the stiffness of the bearing and the base. The influence of this reason on the system is quite complicated. So far, there is a lack of good research methods. The analysis of this reason can only be based on the actual experiment results.Based on this, the following will analyze the effects of these factors on the failure of high-speed shafts in order, in order to have reference significance for actual production.

　　<XNUMX>, crane management

　　(1) Improve the quality of crane construction personnel and managers.The rational use of lifting machinery and equipment is an important part of project construction in accordance with the regulations.At present, most accidents are caused by man-made damage, so it is very important to improve the quality of crane construction personnel and managers.Managers must implement strict supervision of construction personnel. Managers must not only understand the precautions for lifting machinery and knowledge of administrative management, but also have a strong sense of professionalism and responsibility.If the quality of the manager and the construction staff are quite different, it will seriously affect the construction process.Therefore, crane construction personnel and managers must regularly participate in the training held by the construction unit, especially for the knowledge and construction process of cranes to learn systematically and plannedly.At the same time, strengthen the political quality of construction personnel, mobilize their active work enthusiasm and strong sense of responsibility, and establish a good demeanor and professional ethics.

　　(2) Strengthen the regular inspection of lifting machinery and equipment.Due to the huge structure and complex structure of crane equipment, there are many inspection items.Each test item affects the status of lifting machinery and equipment to varying degrees, and affects the operation of the equipment.Therefore, the inspection work needs to be inspected by the quality inspection department, and the lifting machinery and equipment are inspected regularly.Through the inspection, not only can the performance of the lifting equipment be mastered, the drum gear coupling can also improve the correct use and management of the lifting machinery and equipment by each construction unit.When the quality inspection department inspects, pay attention to the inspector, and inspect according to the normal operation process. At the same time, it must consider whether the inspection results accurately reflect the technical status of the equipment and the inspection does not omit items.If a hidden danger problem is detected, it needs to be carried out step by step, divided into categories: general items, important items, and critical items.When there is a problem with key items and important items, timely rectification is required, and the running machinery needs to be stopped, and remedial measures are actively adopted. The hidden dangers and local personnel have reduced the incidence of accidents.

　　(3) Strengthen the repair and maintenance of lifting machinery and equipment.The repair and maintenance of lifting machinery is very important. It can not only maintain the follow-up vitality of lifting machinery, but also create long-term economic benefits for production.Some enterprises always ignore some small problems of hoisting machinery, because there are many small collections, many hidden dangers are buried.Lifting machinery is regularly repaired and maintained. Pay attention to each routine inspection: check whether the parts on the brake are loose; check whether the protection switch and limit switch are accurate and flexible; check whether there is abnormal noise in the transmission of each mechanism; check whether there is any abnormal noise on the running track Foreign objects hindering the operation of the bridge crane.Carry out repairs and maintenance according to the checked conditions, so that the hoisting machinery can operate normally without failure, so that the hoisting machinery can perform a greater degree of function.

　　(4) Improve the management system. ① Establishing a complete archive of lifting machinery and equipment is one of the important means of management.Make an early record of the situation to analyze the information about the monitoring schedule and equipment status of the lifting machinery; ②Clarify the division of labor system, strengthen the law enforcement of the supervisory department, and the post system of the construction personnel; ③All personnel are familiar with and master the entire Operation process; ④Regulate daily general inspections, conduct large-scale inspections every week, and provide repairs and maintenance; ⑤Strengthen the shift system of construction personnel, and must operate normally every day; ⑥Regularly evaluate managers and construction personnel, Those who have outstanding performance will be praised and rewarded.