Inherent hazards of cranes and safety management measures for bridge cranes

　　XNUMX. The inherent hazards of hoisting machinery before use

　　The inherent hazards that exist before the hoisting machinery is put into use are mainly divided into three stages. The first is the selection phase of the crane. The parameters of the hoisting machinery are the indicators of the working performance of the hoisting machinery and the basis for the design. The basis of which type of lifting equipment is used in the transportation operation.Some units and users of quincunx couplings often consider cost or do not understand their own production requirements, make mistakes or improper selection and unreasonable matching when selecting equipment; the second is the manufacturing stage of cranes, because crane manufacturing There are many large objects, a large amount of materials are consumed in the production process, and the processing procedures and operating techniques are also complicated. This brings new difficulties to the inspection of the crane. It is impossible to determine whether the manufacturer is in accordance with the relevant standards, and it is impossible to confirm whether the quality of the raw materials is qualified. , Whether the application technology meets the standard; Third, the crane installation stage, during this period, the relevant installers often carry out according to their own work experience, without formulating detailed installation process documents, ignoring the special crane installation drawings and technical requirements, resulting in unreasonable crane installation The emergence of the disorder has serious circumstances causing major accidents such as the overturning or collapse of the hoisting machinery.

　　As one of the eight special equipment second only to elevators and pressure vessels, hoisting machinery is crucial to the continuous expansion of industrial production scale, but it is inevitable that there are still many dangerous factors before and after use, which will give people life. Property poses a threat that cannot be ignored.In order to further control these dangerous factors, the user unit needs to attach great importance to and control the production process of hoisting machinery. Inspectors should strengthen inspection and testing work and work together to reduce the risk factor to a lower level, so that production can proceed smoothly and further Promote the social and economic development of our country.

　　The driving system of the hoisting operation includes the mechanism system and the component system, which are used for the lifting operations.According to the characteristics of the general hoisting mechanism, it can be divided into the hoisting mechanism, the trolley operating mechanism, the large cart operating mechanism and the pitching mechanism. The hydraulic system (including the telescopic rotation of the spreader, the cabin protection, etc.) and the rope supporting mechanism are also the parts with more failures. , The configuration status of the emergency organization is the emergency operation of the corresponding organization.The main components of each operating mechanism are mainly composed of brakes, reducers (gears), couplings, bearings, pulleys, etc. In addition, the lifting, pitching and traction trolley operating mechanisms are also composed of drums, wire ropes, etc., and large and small vehicles run The mechanism also consists of wheels.

　　XNUMX. Measures to strengthen the management of bridge cranes

　　1. Personnel management

　　In order to avoid injury to the staff during the operation of the bridge crane, the gear coupling must strengthen the management of the staff.After the operators have passed the training of the technical supervision department, they must be assessed in two aspects, including theoretical knowledge and practical operation. After passing the assessment, they will be certified.Before officially taking up the post, you must learn and master the crane's use structure, working principle, technical performance, operation, maintenance system and other related knowledge, and also understand the relevant laws and standards.Technical inspection personnel are required to carry out work in accordance with the maintenance standards proposed by the workshop, and take protective measures to avoid accidents during the maintenance process.

　　2. Equipment management

　　The so-called crane equipment management is "dead-fixed" management.Including fixed person, fixed machine, fixed post item.Regarding the "dead" management of cranes, it is necessary to clarify the system standards and system forms. Among them, the fixed personnel and the fixed machine are the basic content, and each staff member is required to have a post and responsibility, and each crane has a special person responsible for management.The fixed position is the responsibility. It is necessary to carry out regular inspections, repairs and maintenance of crane equipment, carry out the old small inspection, monthly inspection, and annual inspection, and install sensors in key parts, such as the grounding system of the driver's cab, and low-profile device temperature. And so on, so as to form a form of dynamic monitoring, you can find out the abnormalities in the past, so that the problem can be found in time, the problem can be solved in time, and the crane equipment is running.

　　3. Driver education

　　Based on the actual application of cranes, the technical department regularly organizes the crane drivers of the plant to carry out training and technical training, which can be held every six months or a year, so that the drivers can master the theoretical ideas and operating techniques, and master the structure and working principle of the bridge crane. When you encounter any situation, you have to leave the cab directly, and the driver is in production.At the same time, we must also learn some simple maintenance techniques, maintenance techniques, etc., and draw lessons from previous work experience, and produce.