The overall composition and principle of wind turbines and the dangerous factors in the use of hoisting machinery

　　【一】、The overall composition and principle of wind turbine

　　Wind turbines are mainly composed of wind wheels, pitch systems, transmission systems, yaw systems, generators, control systems, braking systems, hydraulic systems, nacelles and towers.Plum-shaped flexible couplings are in my country, and the capacity of wind turbines ranges from 500KW to 5MW. The mainstream models on the domestic market are 1.5MW. Most of the more than 2MW are under development, and a small number of 4MW and 5MW models are in use. In trial operation.The more commonly used fans are horizontal axis and vertical axis fans. Due to the aerodynamic characteristics and main shaft structure, they cannot be directly scaled up as horizontal axis fans. The current vertical axis fans are mainly miniaturized.

　　The horizontal axis fan can be further divided into a double-fed unit with a gearbox speed-up type and a permanent magnet direct drive unit from the structure, and there is also a "semi-direct drive" medium transmission ratio gearbox type unit in between. .

　　The gearbox speed-up doubly-fed unit uses a doubly-fed generator. The speed range of the wind wheel is 12~200rpm, while the speed range of the generator is 1000~15OOrpm. Speed ​​gearbox to connect.The advantages of the unit are: allow the generator to fluctuate within 30% of the synchronous speed, and simplify the adjustment device, which makes the control of the unit easier and improves the working efficiency of the generator set; it can realize the adjustment of active and reactive power. .The disadvantage is: the addition of the gearbox makes the cost of the gearbox increase when the single unit capacity of the generator set increases, and the maintenance cost of the gearbox also becomes higher; noise is also one of its shortcomings, when the generator set is working at low load, the efficiency low.

　　The permanent magnet direct drive unit directly connects the generator to the wind wheel, and the rotation speed of the rotor changes with the change of wind speed.The advantages of this unit are: the transmission system is simplified, the noise is reduced, and the working efficiency of the fan is improved.The disadvantages are: the cost of permanent magnet materials is very high; when the single machine capacity increases, the design and production difficulties of this model increase; the full-capacity inverter device is adopted, the converter equipment investment is large, and the cost of the control system increases.

　　In the "semi-direct drive", the transmission ratio gearbox type unit adopts planetary gear transmission, which integrates the gear and the generator to form a generator unit.This reduces the components of the fan drive system and reduces the size of the generator.The advantages are: the transmission ratio is lower than that of the gearbox double-fed model; the generator speed is higher than that of the permanent magnet direct drive model.

　　The driving system of the hoisting operation includes the mechanism system and the component system, which are used for the lifting operations.According to the characteristics of the general hoisting mechanism, it can be divided into the hoisting mechanism, the trolley operating mechanism, the large cart operating mechanism and the pitching mechanism. The hydraulic system (including the telescopic rotation of the spreader, the cabin protection, etc.) and the rope supporting mechanism are also the parts with more failures. , The configuration status of the emergency organization is the emergency operation of the corresponding organization.The main components of each operating mechanism are mainly composed of brakes, reducers (gears), couplings, bearings, pulleys, etc. In addition, the lifting, pitching and traction trolley operating mechanisms are also composed of drums, wire ropes, etc., and large and small vehicles run The mechanism also consists of wheels.

　　[XNUMX] The hazard factors of the crane itself and the surrounding environment after it is put into use

　　After the hoisting machinery is put into use, the risk factors of gear couplings in the production process are also various.

　　First, the danger of heavy objects falling. As the name suggests, the crane plays a role in lifting heavy materials to the corresponding position for use, but it also has a load limit. When the crane is overloaded, or the spreader or wire rope is worn out due to long-term operation When a breakage occurs, it will cause the lifting of heavy objects to fall. If there is a person under the heavy object, it will cause material damage and casualties.

　　XNUMX. The dangerous factors existing in the crane itself and the surrounding environment of the production operation, including the danger of falling from height, the danger of crane squeezing and crushing, the danger of electric shock, the danger of the nature of the material, the danger of crane mechanical parts, the danger of damage to the metal structure, and the work Dust, noise, etc.The relevant standards of cranes stipulate that the height of more than two meters belongs to the high-altitude operation, and the height of the crane itself is above this distance, so it belongs to the high-altitude operation. The commander and the operator shall command and operate the lifting equipment in the production area. If there is no corresponding The protective equipment and installations of all personnel face the danger of falling during a series of operations; cranes are squeezed and crushed. This mainly means that the lifting equipment is not separated from the nearby equipment or other facilities in accordance with the regulations. During the production operation Lifting objects cause squeezing of personnel, and damage to the operating mechanism and brakes will cause the situation of slipping and rolling over personnel. Electric shock hazard mainly refers to the risk of electric contact between the electric facilities and equipment insulators; and the nature of the material refers to the crane handling The high temperature, toxic, corrosive and other dangerous goods of the high temperature, once leaked, will cause personal injury; the crane is originally composed of many metal parts and structures, so when the fragile human body and the metal part collide strongly, it is difficult to avoid injury. For the liquefied crane, the high-pressure sprayed liquid when the liquefied original is damaged also causes personal injury; certain metal structures on the crane are connected to the various parts of the crane to maintain balance. Once damaged, the crane may tilt. If the weight is heavy, it will tip over; during the operation period of the crane, radiation, noise, and dust are harmful. The radiation beam irritates the skin and makes people feel irritable. Noise can cause hearing loss or temporary deafness, while dust can make people unable to breathe normally.